Europe is sweltering in a deadly, early heat wave. Here’s why it’s happening

Europe is facing an unusually early and severe heat wave, with temperatures shattering records across the continent. A persistent heat dome—a high-pressure system trapping hot air—has pushed temperatures far above normal, driven by human-caused climate change. On May 20, the UK recorded its hottest May day ever at 34.8°C (94.6°F) in London’s Kew Gardens, surpassing the previous record by 2°C (3.6°F). Normally, late May highs in London average around 20°C (68°F), but the heat persisted overnight, with temperatures remaining above 20°C (68°F). The heat wave has triggered dangerous conditions, including a wildfire near Edinburgh’s Arthur’s Seat and water shortages in southeast England due to surging demand. Most UK homes lack proper insulation or air conditioning, leaving residents vulnerable to extreme heat. The UK’s Met Office warned temperatures could climb further, potentially reaching 35°C (95°F) the following day, making this event far more likely due to climate change. France is also experiencing unprecedented heat, with Monday marking its hottest May day on record. At least seven deaths have been linked to the heat, including five drownings and two during sports events in Paris and Lyon. While not all deaths are confirmed as heat-related, France’s Sports Minister warned of the dangers of exercising in extreme conditions. Western Europe is seeing temperatures 10–15°C (18–27°F) above normal, with the heat dome expected to persist. Climate scientists note that what was once a rare event is now occurring more frequently, underscoring the growing impact of climate change on weather patterns.