For Struggling Middle and High Schoolers, All Reading Is Good Reading

A fifth-grade teacher’s first-year experience with a student who had recently moved from the Dominican Republic revealed the power of tailored reading interventions. The student, who initially struggled with English, improved by four grade levels after being taught with short, themed books—like stories about the Jonas Brothers—that matched her interests. This success challenged conventional U.S. education practices, which often assume literacy instruction ends after third grade, leaving middle and high school students without foundational support despite persistent proficiency gaps. The latest National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data confirms the urgency of this issue: only 31% of fourth graders and 30% of eighth graders read at a proficient level. Current policies treat literacy as a fixed milestone rather than a continuous skill, leaving two-thirds of students without the targeted practice they need. The solution, advocates argue, lies in providing alternative texts that align with grade-level standards but are more accessible. For example, eighth graders studying *To Kill a Mockingbird* could discuss the same themes—like racism—through a simplified version, ensuring all students engage in the same academic discussions. Pilot programs in multiple U.S. schools and districts have already adopted this approach, embedding literacy supports into core curricula. A 2025 Johns Hopkins University study found that students at five middle schools showed improved NWEA MAP scores and a more positive attitude toward reading after participating in these programs. Teachers nationwide report enthusiasm for curricula that allow entire classes to work together, regardless of individual literacy levels. Collaboration across disciplines is also key. Middle and high school educators must work with reading interventionists, special education teachers, and multilingual learners’ coordinators to reinforce literacy skills across subjects. Since reading is essential for success in science, social studies, and even math, all teachers must integrate literacy instruction into their lessons. This interdisciplinary approach ensures struggling students receive consistent support, closing the gap between their current abilities and grade-level expectations. The shift requires rethinking traditional education structures, where secondary teachers often lack training in literacy instruction. By adopting flexible, inclusive materials and fostering teacher partnerships, schools can help more students build the skills needed to thrive academically. The goal is not just to teach reading but to ensure every student can access the same rigorous content, regardless of their starting point.