How eDNA Is Finding Endangered Gorillas Without Touching Them

Rwanda is leveraging environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor endangered primates, including golden monkeys and mountain gorillas, in Volcanoes National Park. Traditional DNA collection methods, which require direct contact or recent biological samples, are time-consuming and stressful for animals. eDNA, however, detects DNA shed by animals—such as through feces or hair—without physical interaction, providing a non-invasive way to track species. The African Wildlife Foundation and the Rwandan government introduced eDNA to catalog Rwanda’s wildlife, but the focus has shifted to monitoring endangered species. Deogratias Tuyisingize, a researcher with the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, explains that a single eDNA sample can identify multiple species, including mammals, birds, and amphibians, while tracking how species move within ecosystems over time. This data helps conservationists combat invasive species and improve anti-poaching patrols. Volcanoes National Park’s rugged terrain and dense vegetation make traditional tracking difficult, but eDNA offers a solution. The technology detects DNA left behind by animals in their habitats, eliminating the need for direct observation. Common sources of eDNA include feces and hair, which contain genetic material that can be analyzed in the lab. By mapping species distribution, eDNA provides critical insights for protecting endangered primates and their habitats. Rangers and conservationists use this information to enhance patrols, prevent poaching, and monitor ecosystem health. The method has proven effective in identifying species presence and movement patterns without disturbing wildlife. Rwanda’s use of eDNA marks a significant advancement in conservation technology, particularly for species like mountain gorillas and golden monkeys. The collaboration between the African Wildlife Foundation, the Rwandan government, and the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund demonstrates how innovative tools can support wildlife protection efforts globally.