Rethinking energy security in a changing world
Energy security is evolving amid global disruptions, with heating and cooling—accounting for half of global energy use—still reliant on fossil fuels and vulnerable to price volatility. Geothermal energy offers a resilient alternative, reducing dependence on imports and stabilizing costs, as demonstrated by Iceland’s long-term adoption and China’s recent large-scale deployment through Sinopec Green Energy.
Global energy security is undergoing transformation as geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions reshape traditional fuel systems. Heating and cooling, which consume roughly half of the world’s energy, remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels—over 80%—leaving many countries exposed to volatile import costs and infrastructure vulnerabilities. A shift toward geothermal energy presents a solution by replacing fuel imports with long-lasting, domestic infrastructure. Unlike fossil-based systems, geothermal requires no ongoing fuel supply, eliminating transport risks and commodity price fluctuations. It also has a minimal land footprint, making it suitable for urban integration. Misconceptions limit geothermal adoption, as many assume it’s restricted to volcanic regions. However, low- to medium-temperature geothermal resources can be deployed almost anywhere, with advancements in drilling expanding its potential. Iceland serves as a global model, where 90% of homes rely on geothermal heating after decades of investment following the 1970s oil shocks. The country’s expertise has since supported projects worldwide, including a partnership with China’s Sinopec Green Energy. China is accelerating geothermal adoption under its 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–30), prioritizing energy self-sufficiency. Through Sinopec Green Energy, geothermal systems now serve over 120 million square meters across 70 cities, reducing coal dependence and improving air quality. The transition highlights how geothermal can stabilize energy costs, enhance security, and cut emissions while adapting to diverse climates.
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