Scientists Discover Naked Mole Rat Gene That Helped Mice Live Longer; Could Human Trials Be Next?

Scientists at the University of Rochester successfully transferred a gene from naked mole rats into mice, boosting the rodents’ production of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA). Naked mole rats naturally produce ten times more HMW-HA than mice or humans, a substance linked to resistance against cancer, inflammation, and age-related diseases. The gene, hyaluronan synthase 2, was introduced into mice, resulting in elevated HMW-HA levels across their tissues. The genetically modified mice lived 4.4% longer on average and exhibited improved health, including reduced cancer risk, lower chronic inflammation, and better gut function. While the lifespan extension was modest, researchers emphasized the significance of transferring a longevity mechanism between species. Lead researcher Vera Gorbunova noted this proves biological aging processes can be adapted across mammals, paving the way for future anti-aging treatments. Naked mole rats are already known for their exceptional longevity—up to 41 years—and resistance to diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration. Previous studies showed removing HMW-HA from their cells increased tumor formation, reinforcing its protective role. The new study builds on this by demonstrating that enhancing HMW-HA production in another species yields measurable health benefits. Published in *Nature* in 2023, the research suggests potential human applications by targeting aging at a biological level rather than treating diseases individually. Scientists are now exploring whether similar gene modifications could slow aging or prevent age-related diseases in humans. The findings mark a step toward unlocking cross-species longevity strategies, though human trials remain distant.