Water isn't only source of Montezuma's revenge
A University of Alberta study found that many Canadians traveling to developing countries are unaware that viruses and poor hygiene—not just water—can cause traveller's diarrhea, despite recognizing food risks. Only 43% knew viruses cause the illness, and just over half understood hand-washing could prevent it, while 47% were unaware that chlorine may not kill all waterborne microorganisms.
A new study by University of Alberta PhD student Julie Johnson reveals that Canadians traveling to developing nations often overlook key risks for traveller’s diarrhea beyond contaminated water. While 80% of surveyed travelers knew to avoid ice, salads, and undercooked meat, only 43% recognized viruses as a cause, and just over half knew hand-washing could prevent illness. Johnson’s research, published in the *Journal of Travel Medicine*, also found that fewer than half (47%) understood chlorine treatment might not eliminate all waterborne pathogens. The Public Health Agency of Canada reports that up to 50% of travelers from developed countries experience acute diarrhea during a two-week trip to high-risk regions like Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Symptoms—including fever, nausea, vomiting, chills, and abdominal pain—can be severe in remote areas. The study surveyed travelers departing Calgary for Mexico in 2005, highlighting gaps in awareness despite common knowledge of food-related risks. Johnson emphasized that the travel industry could improve health outcomes by providing educational resources, such as online brochures or links to health information at the time of booking. She noted that while health agencies offer guidance, many travelers remain unaware of these resources. The findings suggest a need for broader education on prevention methods beyond water avoidance. Traveller’s diarrhea is often caused by bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, with regional risks varying: 15–20% in the Caribbean and Eastern/Southern Europe, but 20–50% in higher-risk destinations. While chlorine tablets are widely used for water disinfection, Johnson’s study underscores the importance of addressing other hygiene practices to reduce illness rates among international travelers.
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