Why women in groups face a ‘collaboration penalty’ that solo female stars like Taylor Swift and Coco Gauff escape
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Research suggests that women in groups face a 'collaboration penalty' that solo female stars like Taylor Swift escape, with all-women ensembles underrepresented in top-earning tours and album sales. This pattern holds across industries, including venture capital, professional sports, and entertainment, with all-women groups perceived as more threatening and less deserving of funding and resources.
Taylor Swift's Eras Tour became the highest-grossing concert tour of all time in 2024, but her success didn't translate to broader gains for female artists. Among the top 27 highest-grossing tours, there are no all-women ensembles, while 14 are all-male. Research suggests that all-women groups face a 'collaboration penalty' due to perceived threats to power structures. This pattern holds across industries, including venture capital and professional sports. All-women teams receive just 2.4% of venture capital dollars, and in team sports, they earn less than half of their male counterparts. The penalty isn't about competence or performance, but about group composition triggering assumptions about motivation.
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